Search UK public tenders and contract notices
Official Find a Tender notices, one row per procedure. Filters use published facts only: delivery region from the notice, buyer type from the official classification, route and vehicle as published — never a Tenderline score.
Contracts
Showing 1–47 · signed contracts with published terms.
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework4 lots
Framework Agreement for the Provision of Specialist Art Transportation Services
National Galleries of Scotland · Scotland
National Galleries Scotland (NGS) “The Authority” wish to award a multi-lot, multi-Contractor Framework for the Provision of Specialist Art Transportation Services. There are 4 Lots under the Framework Agreement covering the provision of bu…
Awarded to C'ART, Constantine Ltd, Crown Fine Art Limited +1 more · 4 awards
- Published value
- £450kceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05d8da
- Awarded · Open procedureFramework19 lotsSME suitableVCSE suitable
Courier, Distribution, Storage and Specialist Solutions
Government Commercial Agency · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
This framework is for the provision of Courier, Distribution, Storage and Specialist Solutions to be utilised by Central Government Departments and all other UK Public Sector Bodies, including Local Authorities, Health, Police, Fire and Res…
Awarded to ADDISON LEE LIMITED, Alloga UK, Brightwells +43 more · 19 awards
- Published value
- £3.7bnceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0503cc
- Awarded · Selective / two-stageSME suitableVCSE suitable
Provision of Electronic Ticketing Machines and Automatic Vehicle Locators for Bus Franchising
West Yorkshire Combined Authority · Local authority · Yorkshire and the Humber
Lot 1 ETM Description: To procure suppliers to supply, install, test, and maintain the suite of hardware and software for ETM on the Weaver Network buses, as part of the ecosystem of operators and suppliers for the Weaver Network. In terms …
Awarded to CORVIA LIMITED TRADING AS TICKETER, Vix Technology UK Ltd · 2 awards
- Published value
- £18m
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-058d12
- AwardedOpen procedure
DNA Sequencers
Scottish Police Authority · Police & fire · Scotland
The Scottish Police Authority (known as the “the Authority”) was required to tender an opportunity to appoint a suitably experienced and competent Contractor to provide DNA Sequencers for STR Analysis using capillary electrophoresis plus po…
Awarded to Life Technologies Ltd
- Published value
- £3.5m
- Submit via
- Public Contracts Scotlandlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05909b
- AwardedSelective / two-stageFramework8 lots
CEFAS25-07 Travel Management Services
CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE · Nationwide (UK)
This is a call-off through CCS RM6342 Travel, Transport, Accommodation and Venue solutions lot 2. Cefas requires a new travel management solution to enable the organisation to make booking travel simpler, safer, more effective and sustainab…
Awarded to Clarity Travel Limited, See Contracts Finder Notice for full supplier list · 3 awards
- Published value
- £13bnceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03ec93
- AwardedOpen procedure
Automated Liquid Handler
Scottish Police Authority · Police & fire · Scotland
The Scottish Police Authority (known as the “the Authority”) had a requirement to appoint a suitably qualified and experienced supplier for the Supply and installation of a A Automated Liquid Handling Robot System and related consumables an…
Awarded to Essex Scientific Laboratory Supplies Limited
- Published value
- £110k
- Submit via
- Public Contracts Scotlandlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05893d
- Awarded · Selective / two-stageFramework2 lotsSME suitable
Supply, Installation and Maintenance of new Real Time Information (RTI) Display Screens across Hull via West Yorkshire Combined Authority Framework Direct Award
Hull City Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), Yorkshire and the Humber
This is an agreement with VIX Technology UK Limited by Hull City Council (the Authority) for the Supply, installation and maintenance of new real time information (RTI) display screens across Hull through utilising the West Yorkshire Combin…
Awarded to Vix Technology UK Ltd · 2 awards
- Published value
- £15mceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- EU-Supply (CTM)public page
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04fe57
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
Framework for the Supply, Fit and Removal of Vehicle Livery Markings for Police Vehicles
Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales · Police & fire · Wales (Cymru)
*PLEASE NOTE THIS IS AN AWARD NOTICE* The Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales is acting as the lead in the tender process for a framework to supply, fit and remove police vehicle livery. The framework will be available for use by:…
Awarded to PVL UK Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04a33f
- AwardedOpen procedure
ID 5596417 - DoJ - FSNI - Supply, delivery, installation and support of a Benchtop X-Ray Diffraction System
Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
FSNI wish to establish a contract for the supply, installation and maintenance of a new Benchtop X-ray Diffraction System for the identification of explosive samples, their precursors and unknowns, as well as for use in drug analysis.
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- £170k
- Submit via
- eTendersNIlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04e626
- AwardedLimited / restricted2 lots
Purchase of DNA sequencer
Southampton Solent University · Education · South East England
Purchase of a DNA Sequencer for the Biomed Lab.
Awarded to Illumina Cambridge Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-050fef
- AwardedLimited / restricted
Gangways for New Islay Vessels Class
Caledonian Maritime Assets Ltd (Utility) · Scotland
Passenger gangways
Awarded to Tyne Gangway (Structures) Ltd · 2 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04aba9
- AwardedOpen procedure
ID5631539 - DoJ - FSNI - The Supply and Repair of Multi Wavelength Light Sources (MWLS)
Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
FSNI wish to establish a contract for the supply, delivery and maintenance of 3 portable Multi Wavelength Light Sources (MWLS). The contract will commence upon commissioning of the equipment to the satisfaction of FSNI. Contractors must pro…
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- £300k
- Submit via
- eTendersNIlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04d49f
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework6 lots
Employee Benefits including Discounts with Salary Sacrifice Schemes
The North Yorkshire Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK)
The Authority has awarded a framework agreement for the provision of employee benefits including discounts with salary sacrifice schemes. The contract shall commence on 1st January 2025 and shall be for a period of four (4) years. The maxim…
Awarded to Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Vivup · 2 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0470d6
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework6 lots
Courier and Specialist Movements
The Minister for the Cabinet Office acting through Crown Commercial Service · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Crown Commercial Service (CCS) as the authority has put in place a Pan Government Collaborative agreement for the provision of Courier and Specialist Movements to be utilised by central government departments and all other UK public sector …
Awarded to ADDISON LEE LIMITED, CTS GB Ltd, CitySprint (UK) Limited +12 more · 26 awards
- Published value
- £2.0bnceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-028ec6
- AwardedOpen procedure
THE SUPPLY AND DELIVERY OF GLUE LABORATORY CABINETS
Metropolitan Police Service · Police & fire · Greater London
supply and install twelve (12) new glue fuming (CNA) cabinets at the Authority's Premises at Lambeth and provide ongoing support and maintenance for a specified period
Awarded to Foster & Freeman
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03e46a
- AwardedOpen procedure
Forensic Vacuum Metal Deposition Chamber
SWPPS · South West England
South West Forensics (Devon and Cornwall Police) is seeking to establish a contract for the supply, delivery, installation, commissioning, and maintenance of a new Vacuum Metal Deposition Chamber for the Fingerprint Enhancement Laboratory.
Awarded to West Technology Systems Ltd.
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-048703
- AwardedLimited / restricted
National Crime Scene Consumables (NCSC)
Thames Valley Police · Police & fire · South East England
BlueLight Commercial awarded a National Framework for the provision of Crime Scene Consumables (CSC) following the completion of a competitive process. This Framework is to replace the National Scene of Crime Consumables Framework (NSOCC) w…
Awarded to WA Products t/a Scenesafe
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04a4d1
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework10 lots
National Framework for the Provision of Crime Scene Consumables
BLUELIGHT COMMERCIAL LIMITED · Nationwide (UK)
BlueLight Commercial Ltd has awarded the National Framework for the provision of Crime Scene Consumables on behalf of Contracting Authorities; including Police and other Law Enforcement Agencies, alongside Fire and Rescue, MOD and MOJ and N…
Awarded to WA Products (UK) Limited t/a SceneSafe · 10 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0447e0
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework32 lots
UK Research and Innovation - Molecular Biology and Laboratory Chemicals Framework
UK Shared Business Services Ltd · Nationwide (UK)
****This is an Award Notice, Not a Call for Competition**** This Framework has been established for the provision of UK Research and Innovation: Molecular Biology and Laboratory Chemicals. This Framework is being established for a term of 3…
Awarded to Fisher Scientific UK, Life Technologies Ltd, Merck Life Science UK Limited +8 more · 11 awards
- Published value
- £16mceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0403d7
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
Framework for the Supply of Specialised (Domestic) Removals, Storage and Disposal Services
Kirklees Council · Local authority · Yorkshire and the Humber
Supply of Specialised (Domestic) Removal, Storage and Disposal Services (the "Services") under a proposed Framework Agreement and will operate as reactive call-outs. The majority of the removals will be within the Kirklees area, but it is p…
Awarded to City transport & Storage LTD, Harrow Green Limited, Kwikshift European Transportation and Logistics ltd +1 more
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-045691
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework2 lots
Transport of Plant Machinery and traffic Management Framework
Natural Resources Wales · Wales (Cymru)
Transport of plant machinery and traffic management services
Awarded to Amberon, CNS Swansea Ltd, Crynant Plant & Construction ltd +9 more · 4 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- Jaggaerlogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02dcff
- AwardedOpen procedure3 lots
ID 4893840 - FSNI - Supply, Delivery and Maintenance of Forensic Laser Systems
Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) are seeking to establish a contract for the supply of six (6) forensic laser systems (each operating over 3 specific wavelengths) for use within FSNI’s Evidence Recovery Unit (ERU) along with associa…
Awarded to Withheld for security reasons · 3 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03f545
- AwardedOpen procedure
ID 4628196 - DoJ - FSNI - Supply, Delivery, Installation and Maintenance of a Photographic Workstation (Incorporating UV and IR Capability)
Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is seeking to establish a contract for the supply, delivery, installation and maintenance of a Photographic Workstation for the Specialist Fingerprint Unit (SFU) within FSNI. Please refer to the Spec…
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03cd6f
- AwardedOpen procedure8 lots
ID 4384469 DoJ FSNI DNA Extraction and Profiling Kits
Forensic Science Northern Ireland FSNI · Northern Ireland
Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is seeking to establish a Contract for the supply, and delivery of DNA Extraction and Profiling Kits that are approved by the Forensic Information Database Service (FINDS) Strategy Board for upload t…
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons · 8 awards
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0363db
- AwardedRoute not publishedFramework
Extension - National Framework Agreement for the Supply of Scenes of Crime Consumables
BLUELIGHT COMMERCIAL LIMITED · Nationwide (UK)
Awarded to WA Products t/a Scenesafe
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03e2fe
- AwardedOpen procedure
ID 4481944 - DOJ – FSNI - Supply, Delivery, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of a Benchtop Chemical Vapour (Disulfur dinitride - S2N2) Fingerprint Development System
Department of Justice · Northern Ireland
Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is seeking to establish a contract for the supply, delivery, installation, commissioning and maintenance of a benchtop chemical vapour (Disulfur dinitride - S2N2) fingerprint development system for u…
Awarded to Withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03b2af
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework6 lots
BSH/HGW/ Bristol Street-space: Cycle Hangers
Bristol City Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), South West England
Bristol City Council (the “Council”) seeks to procure the supply, installation, and maintenance of Cycle Hangars. These Cycle Hangers are for pedal bicycle hangars (not electronic or e-bicycles) and will need to be installed by the Supplier…
Awarded to Cyclehoop Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- ProContract (Due North)login required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-037260
- AwardedOpen procedure
Scrap Vehicles incl. HGV's & related services
Royal Berkshire Fire Authority · Police & fire · South East England
The Authority is seeking Tender for the purchase:- • De-polluted scrap vehicles required for training purposes • Delivery and collection of the scrap vehicles • A de-pollution service for scrap vehicles donated to the authority
Awarded to ASM Auto Recycling
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03750b
- AwardedSelective / two-stageFramework12 lots
Specialist Vehicle Contract Hire - Lot 7
Nottinghamshire County Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), East Midlands
The hiring of two types of vehicles on a medium to long term basis to supplement Council run bus services.
Awarded to Aebi Schmidt UK Limited, Bucher Municipal Limited, Dawsongroup Bus and Coach Limited +17 more · 13 awards
- Published value
- £60mceiling, not a contract size
- Submit via
- East Midlands Tenderinglogin required
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0303cc
- AwardedOpen procedure
Provision of Roll Cages (Pallets)
NHS Wales Shared Services Partnership · NHS & health · Wales (Cymru)
The objective of this contract is to provide robust, fit for purpose and durable 3&4 sided roll cages/pallets for NHS Wales Shared Services Partnership.
Awarded to Palletower (GB) Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0375bf
- AwardedLimited / restricted
Supply of Star Robotic consumables
Scottish Police Authority · Police & fire · Scotland
The requirement is for the supply and delivery of consumables to the Scottish Police Authority’s Forensic Services laboratories.
Awarded to Hamilton Sales & Service UK Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03883c
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
Delivery and Management of Recycle and Refuse Containers
Falkirk Council · Local authority · Scotland
Delivery and Management of Recycling Containers and Sacks to houses and commercial premises on an as and when required basis within Falkirk Council area. Repair of these containers as appropriate. Please note this is not for supply of conta…
Awarded to RECYCLEAN LIMITED
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03635c
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
Office Furniture Removal
CORSERV LIMITED · South West England
Corserv Ltd and its group of Companies is seeking to appoint a sole supplier to provide competent and capable office furniture removal to work on an ad-hoc basis within Cornwall.
Awarded to OFR LTD
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-035ae9
- AwardedLimited / restricted
900,000
Ministry of Defence · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
mobile evidential breathalysers
Awarded to Lions Laboratories Limited
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0366f9
- AwardedSelective / two-stage
Drug and Alcohol Testing Services
ASSOCIATED BRITISH PORTS · Nationwide (UK)
Associated British Ports (ABP) require a supplier to provide drug and alcohol testing services to all office and port locations, together with service management, professional advice and support services across the ABP Group all as set out …
Awarded to supplier not published
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02d58e
- AwardedOpen procedure
DNA Processing Consumables
Scottish Police Authority · Police & fire · Scotland
The Authority procured DNA Processing Consumables including tubes, caps and racks required for use in automated DNA profiling system for the Scottish Police Authority (SPA) Forensic Services facilities.
Awarded to Hamilton Sales & Service UK Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03147c
- AwardedLimited / restricted
DoJ FSNI Y-Str Profiling Kits for Use Within the Biology/DNA Workstreams
Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
Y-STR analysis has become well established in Forensic casework in the UK and Ireland, including all laboratories within the Association of Forensic Science Providers, of which FSNI is a member. To this end, FSNI have decided to launch a lo…
Awarded to As per Regulation 50(6)(a) - information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0330c3
- AwardedLimited / restricted
ID 700310 FSNI - SUPPLY AND DELIVERY OF HUMAN QUANTIFICATION REAL-TIME PCR SYSTEMS
Department of Justice - Forensic Science Northern Ireland · Northern Ireland
Due to circumstances outside of FSNI's control, including dealing with the impact of COVID-19 and a related procurement exercise being delayed, FSNI wish to extend this contract by an additional five (5) years. This extension will allow FSN…
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0323c0
- AwardedOpen procedure
University of St Andrews: LOCATE Power Train Test Bed - Test Equipment
University of St Andrews · Education · Scotland
The Low Carbon Transport Applications Centre (LOCATE) project will provide a first of type Power Train Test bed for zero emissions heavy and niche vehicles in a brownfield site at Michelin Scotland Innovation Parc (MSIP) in Dundee. dynamome…
Awarded to AVL United Kingdom Limited
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02c5a4
- AwardedOpen procedure
ID 3758799 DOJ - FSNI - The Supply, Installation and Maintenance of an Automated Supported Liquid and Solid Phase Extraction System
Department of Justice · Northern Ireland
Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is seeking to establish a contract for the supply, installation and maintenance of one new automated Supported Liquid and Solid Phase Extraction Systems for the extraction of body fluids primarily bl…
Awarded to Name withheld due to security issues.
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02ede0
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
The Supply of Common Captured Persons (CPERS) Kit
LEIDOS SUPPLY, LIMITED · Nationwide (UK)
Team Leidos are proud to be delivering the logistics commodities and services transformation (LCS(T)) Delivery partner contracts (LCS (T)/0001 dated 16.4.2015) on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence (the ‘Prime Contract’). Delivery of othe…
Awarded to Scenesafe
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02b17e
- AwardedOpen procedure
Forensics - Analysis of Hydrocarbon Oil Samples
HM Revenue & Customs · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
The contracting authority have awarded a contract which will provide forensic analysis of hydrocarbon oil samples, primarily diesel, for identifying government rebated fuel markers and illegal laundering agents, with results provided electr…
Awarded to Eurofins Forensic Services Limited
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02973c
- AwardedLimited / restricted
Bulletrax upgrade
Scottish Police Authority · Police & fire · Scotland
Ballistic intelligence forensic equipment.
Awarded to Forensic Technology (Europe) Ltd.
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-02b58f
- AwardedLimited / restricted
DoJ FSNI Supply and Delivery of Extraction Kits and Consumables
DoJ Forensic Science Northern Ireland (DoJ FSNI) · Northern Ireland
The DNA Unit of Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is currently validated under Home Office Regulations for the processing, sequencing and profiling of samples for the recovery of Human DNA profiles, to judicial standards. This provid…
Awarded to As per Regulation 50(6)(a) - information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-029788
- AwardedOpen procedureFramework
Supply, Fit and Removal of Vehicle Livery Markings for Police Vehicles
Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales · Police & fire · Wales (Cymru)
**PLEASE NOTE THIS IS AN AWARD NOTICE** To supply, fit and remove police vehicle livery to the Police and Crime Commissioner for South Wales, the Police and Crime Commissioner for Dyfed Powys, the Police and Crime Commissioner for Gwent and…
Awarded to PVL UK Ltd
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0294fb
- AwardedLimited / restricted
Supply and Delivery of QIAGEN Extraction Kits and Consumables
DoJ Forensic Science Northern Ireland (DoJ FSNI) · Northern Ireland
The DNA Unit of Forensic Science Northern Ireland (FSNI) is currently validated under Home Office Regulations for the processing, sequencing and profiling of samples for the recovery of Human DNA profiles, to judicial standards. This provid…
Awarded to Information withheld for security reasons
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-028d57
- AwardedOpen procedure
Toxicology Reporting Services
Bradford Metropolitan District Council · Local authority · Yorkshire and the Humber
In summary, the Coronial Service requires the following from the toxicology Service: ● Sample collection kits; ● Testing, analysis and interpretation of results; ● Interpretative toxicology reports to HM Senior Coroner and Pathologist withi…
Awarded to Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Published value
- Not published
- Submit via
- portal not identified
- Published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-028a4b