Retender radar: UK public contracts ending soon
Public contracts with a published end date ahead, with the buyer, the incumbent and the value. An end date can signal a new tender; it does not promise one.
Contracts ending in the next 24 months
Showing 25,051–25,100
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option
Emergency Command Advisory & Assurance Service
Reading Borough Council · Local authority · South East England
Incumbent: Applied Resilience
- Published value
- £37k
- Annual run-rate
- £19kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 1.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-06ec26
- Ends · in 715 days
Upton & Raynham CCTV Camera Installations
London Borough of Enfield · Local authority
Incumbent: Evercam
- Published value
- £37k
- Annual run-rate
- £12kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 25 Aug 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 3.1 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05994d
- Ends · in 715 days
Network connectivity to Lanrumney Playing Fields
Cardiff University · Education · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Elevate
- Published value
- £36k
- Annual run-rate
- £12kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05a89a
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 29 Sept 2029
RBGKEW1450 Tax services
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew · Central government · North East England, North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England
Incumbent: Saffery LLP
- Published value
- £36k
- Annual run-rate
- £12kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 29 Sept 2029 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05eb51
- Ends · in 715 days
Supply and installation of replacement parts for Irrigation Systems – Silverwood Golf Club, Craigavon
Armagh, Banbridge & Craigavon Borough Council · Local authority
Incumbent: Kinnaird Mechanical Ltd
- Published value
- £36kinc. VAT as published
- Annual run-rate
- £17kpublished value ÷ term, inc. VAT
- Term
- 3 Aug 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.1 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-06e5a1
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 30 Sept 2030
Provision of Equality, Diversity & Inclusion Advice and Support to the Office for Nuclear Regulation
Office for Nuclear Regulation · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Vercida Ltd
- Published value
- £35k
- Annual run-rate
- £12kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 2 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 30 Sept 2030 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-056177
- Ends · in 715 days
Microsoft Azure Cloud Services
NHS Dorset Integrated Care Board · Central government · North East England, North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England
Incumbent: Microsoft Ltd
- Published value
- £35k
- Annual run-rate
- £12kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05e9d5
- Ends · in 715 days
Load balancers and 3 years support
West Northamptonshire Council · Local authority · East Midlands
Incumbent: Softcat Plc
- Published value
- £34k
- Annual run-rate
- £11kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05a025
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 30 Sept 2029
Safeguarding Training
Citizen Housing Group Ltd · Charity
Incumbent: SAFEGUARDING TRAINING & CONSULTANCY SERVICES LTD
- Published value
- £33k
- Annual run-rate
- £11kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 16 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 30 Sept 2029 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0584f3
- Ends · in 715 days
Social work manual of statutory procedures for Chldrens Team S525755
Norfolk County Council · Local authority
Incumbent: SIGNIS LIMITED
- Published value
- £33k
- Annual run-rate
- £11kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 3 Sept 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 3 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05d54b
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 30 Sept 2030
Milton Keynes College Marketing and Advertising Services
Milton Keynes College · Education · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Edison Media Limited
- Published value
- £32k
- Annual run-rate
- £16kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 1.9 yrs · up to 30 Sept 2030 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-069a56
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 30 Sept 2029
Broadband Lease Line for Operational Services Centre
Torridge District Council · Local authority · South West England
Incumbent: GLOBAL 4 COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED
- Published value
- £32k
- Annual run-rate
- £11kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 30 Sept 2029 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0515da
- Ends · in 715 days
SIFT Recruitment Licenses_2025-2028
West Midlands Fire and Rescue Authority · Police & fire · North East England, North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England
Incumbent: HR SOLUTIONS HUB LTD
- Published value
- £31kinc. VAT as published
- Annual run-rate
- £11kpublished value ÷ term, inc. VAT
- Term
- 30 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05d985
- Ends · in 715 days
Delivery of the Concessionary Bus Pass Service
North East Lincolnshire Borough Council · Local authority · Yorkshire and the Humber
Incumbent: North East Lincolnshire Age UK
- Published value
- £31k
- Annual run-rate
- £10kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 28 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05e781
- Ends · in 715 days
The Telegraph Subscription
Corporate Officer of the House of Commons · Central government · Greater London
Incumbent: Telegraph Media Group Ltd.
- Published value
- £27k
- Annual run-rate
- £13kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 1.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-07741a
- Ends · in 715 days
Horizon Scanning Tooling
Department for Science, Innovation & Technology · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Feedly Inc
- Published value
- £26k
- Annual run-rate
- £13kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 1.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-077a8d
- Ends · in 715 days
GP216 - Booking Lab calendar booking software - annual subscription
Middlesbrough Council · Local authority · North East England
Incumbent: BookingLab Limited
- Published value
- £26k
- Annual run-rate
- £9kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-058559
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 30 Sept 2030
HRA Business Plan Support
Wolverhampton City Council · Local authority · West Midlands
Incumbent: SAVILLS (UK) LIMITED
- Published value
- £26k
- Annual run-rate
- £8kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 22 Sept 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 3 yrs · up to 30 Sept 2030 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-060f3f
- Ends · in 715 days
Maintenance for JANUS G3
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust · Central government
Incumbent: Revvity (UK) Ltd.
- Published value
- £25k
- Annual run-rate
- £8kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-064efe
- Ends · in 715 days
PhD in Genomics and Proteomics Techniques
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory · Central government
Incumbent: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
- Published value
- £25k
- Annual run-rate
- £9kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 22 Dec 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.8 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05f697
- Ends · in 715 days
Provision of Internet for the British Consulate General in Boston
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office · Central government
Incumbent: Verizon Business Network Services LLC
- Published value
- £24k
- Annual run-rate
- £8kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05e5c4
- Ends · in 715 days
Twilio SMS Gateway for MITEL Contact Centre Solution
Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: ZING DEV LIMITED
- Published value
- £23k
- Annual run-rate
- £10kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Jun 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.3 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-069f1d
- Ends · in 715 days
External Consultancy Support for a Local Plan Viability Assessment
North Lincolnshire Council · Local authority · Yorkshire and the Humber
Incumbent: CP VIABILITY LIMITED
- Published value
- £20kinc. VAT as published
- Annual run-rate
- £8kpublished value ÷ term, inc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Apr 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.4 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-06084e
- Ends · in 715 days
Insurance and related services for Motor vehicle risks (possibly including Motor Legal Expenses and Occasional Business Use)
Caredig Ltd · Nationwide (UK), Wales (Cymru)
Incumbent: Zurich Municipal
- Published value
- £20k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04e5df
- Ends · in 715 days
FM1777 Wiltshire Council is looking for 8 contracts (Lots) for: Disabled Adaptions, Windows and External Doors, Mechanical and Electrical Services, External Property Care, Heating & Hot Water, Insulation, Kitchen and Bathroom Refurbishment, Roofing Works
Wiltshire Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), South West England
Incumbent: IAN WILLIAMS
- Published value
- £20k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03c7a8
- Ends · in 715 days
Enhanced Service Care Plan - Nurse Call System
QE Facilities Ltd · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: STATIC SYSTEMS GROUP LTD
- Published value
- £19k
- Annual run-rate
- £6kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 29 Sept 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 3 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05d75a
- Ends · in 715 days
CVH - Hot Water Calorifiers - (Inc Electric Boilers)
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust · Central government
Incumbent: AWP Services Ltd
- Published value
- £14k
- Annual run-rate
- £7kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 25 Sept 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-06faa9
- Ends · in 715 days
TagEvac Phase 2
Met Office · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: TAGEVAC® LIMITED
- Published value
- £13k
- Annual run-rate
- £5kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 17 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05dc95
- Ends · in 715 days
Artificial Intelligence Masters
Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency · Central government
Incumbent: University of Liverpool
- Published value
- £13k
- Annual run-rate
- £5kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 24 Feb 2026 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.6 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-065fe2
- Ends · in 715 days
Insurance and related services associated with items of Engineering plant and a programme of Engineering inspections
Caredig Ltd · Nationwide (UK), Wales (Cymru)
Incumbent: Zurich Municipal
- Published value
- £12k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04e5df
- Ends · in 715 days
FM1777 Wiltshire Council is looking for 8 contracts (Lots) for: Disabled Adaptions, Windows and External Doors, Mechanical and Electrical Services, External Property Care, Heating & Hot Water, Insulation, Kitchen and Bathroom Refurbishment, Roofing Works
Wiltshire Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), South West England
Incumbent: Steele Davis Ltd
- Published value
- £12k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03c7a8
- Ends · in 715 days
Med Ed Bas - iRIS - iRIS Scenario Design System
Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust · Central government
Incumbent: Iris Health Solutions Limited
- Published value
- £11k
- Annual run-rate
- £4kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 16 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05a7a4
- Ends · in 715 days
Med Ed Bas - iRIS - iRIS Scenario Design System
Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust · Central government
Incumbent: Iris Health Solutions Limited
- Published value
- £11k
- Annual run-rate
- £4kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 16 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05a7a4
- Ends · in 715 daysPanel · 2 suppliers
Window Cleaning Contract
CROSBY HOUSING ASSOCIATION · Central government · North West England
Panel: NSS CLEANING LIMITED, NSSL GROUP LTD
- Published value
- £11k
- Annual run-rate
- —panel, not one supplier
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-055885
- Ends · in 715 days
Insurance and related services associated with Terrorism (Non Pool Re Basis) Risks for Caredig Limited
Caredig Ltd · Nationwide (UK), Wales (Cymru)
Incumbent: Arthur J. Gallagher Insurance Brokers Ltd
- Published value
- £10k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04e5df
- Ends · in 715 days
Insurance and related services associated with Crime / Fidelity Guarantee risks for Caredig Limited
Caredig Ltd · Nationwide (UK), Wales (Cymru)
Incumbent: Arthur J. Gallagher Insurance Brokers Ltd
- Published value
- £7k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04e5df
- Ends · in 715 days
FM1777 Wiltshire Council is looking for 8 contracts (Lots) for: Disabled Adaptions, Windows and External Doors, Mechanical and Electrical Services, External Property Care, Heating & Hot Water, Insulation, Kitchen and Bathroom Refurbishment, Roofing Works
Wiltshire Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), South West England
Incumbent: IAN WILLIAMS
- Published value
- £2k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03c7a8
- Ends · in 715 days
FM1777 Wiltshire Council is looking for 8 contracts (Lots) for: Disabled Adaptions, Windows and External Doors, Mechanical and Electrical Services, External Property Care, Heating & Hot Water, Insulation, Kitchen and Bathroom Refurbishment, Roofing Works
Wiltshire Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK), South West England
Incumbent: Milestones Contracting
- Published value
- £2k
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-03c7a8
- Ends · in 715 days
Servicing and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (Defra Network eTendering Portal) · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Agilent Technologies LDA UK Ltd
- Published value
- £0
- Annual run-rate
- —start date not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-043465
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 28 Sept 2030
The Provision of Catering at NAB
The Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner for Northamptonshire · Police & fire · East Midlands
Incumbent: Blues and Twos Catering LTD
- Published value
- £0
- Annual run-rate
- —not computed
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 30 Sept 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 28 Sept 2030 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-069d97
- Ends · in 715 days
Termination of Pregnancy Services, Northamptonshire
NHS Northamptonshire ICB · NHS & health · East Midlands
Incumbent: British Pregnancy Advisory Service BPAS
- Published value
- Not published
- Annual run-rate
- —value not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0386bd
- Ends · in 715 days
GP Hub Services for Croydon University Hospital
Croydon Health Services NHS Trust · NHS & health · Greater London
Incumbent: Primary Care Partners Limited/Operose
- Published value
- Not published
- Annual run-rate
- —value not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-04c5c8
- Ends · in 715 daysBuyer plans to re-tender 30 Sept 2028
Autism Peer Education (previously known as Autism Central)
NHS England · NHS & health · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Anna Freud National Centre for children and Familites
- Published value
- Not published
- Annual run-rate
- —value not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-050d3c
- Ends · in 715 days
Cleaning Contract
HAILSHAM TOWN COUNCIL CIC · Local authority · North East England, North West England, Yorkshire and the Humber, East Midlands, West Midlands, East of England
Incumbent: Gentis
- Published value
- Not published
- Annual run-rate
- —value not published
- Term
- Ends 30 Sept 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-058758
- Ends · in 715 days
Optimising the mix of malaria interventions including malaria vaccines (OPTiMIX study)
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · Education · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: LEAD Ubuntu Global Foundation
- Published value
- £363kinc. VAT as published
- Annual run-rate
- £112kpublished value ÷ term, inc. VAT
- Term
- 2 Jul 2025 → 1 Oct 2028 · 3.2 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05289c
- Ends · in 715 daysExtension option · up to 1 Oct 2030
Lot 2 - Provision of an Independent Complaints Advocacy Service
North East Lincolnshire Borough Council · Local authority · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: VoiceAbility Advocacy
- Published value
- £176k
- Annual run-rate
- £59kpublished value ÷ term, exc. VAT
- Term
- 1 Oct 2025 → 1 Oct 2028 · 2.9 yrs · up to 1 Oct 2030 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0503e8
- Ends · in 715 days
OEP024-01 Evaluation of Approaches to Addressing the Nutrient Surplus in Northern Ireland
Office for Environmental Protection · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Incumbent: Lancaster University
- Published value
- £124kinc. VAT as published
- Annual run-rate
- £41kpublished value ÷ term, inc. VAT
- Term
- 26 Sept 2025 → 1 Oct 2028 · 3 yrs
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0560ea
- Ends · in 716 daysFramework recordBuyer plans to re-tender 1 Mar 2029Panel · 2 suppliers
Insurance Policies
London Borough of Southwark · Local authority · Greater London
Panel: Risk Management Partners Ltd, ZURICH INSURANCE COMPANY LTD
- Published value
- £18mpublished ceiling for the whole framework
- Annual run-rate
- —panel, not one supplier
- Term
- Ends 1 Oct 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-050335
- Ends · in 716 daysFramework recordExtension option · up to 1 Oct 2034Buyer plans to re-tender 1 Jun 2028Panel · 3 suppliers
Biomedical Research Support Solutions Framework Agreement
Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · Central government · Nationwide (UK)
Panel: GLOBAL INITIATIVE, Sagoss Limited, UMBIZO LIMITED
- Published value
- £10mpublished ceiling for the whole framework
- Annual run-rate
- —panel, not one supplier
- Term
- 2 Oct 2026 → 1 Oct 2028 · 1.9 yrs · up to 1 Oct 2034 with extensions
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-05dd98
- Ends · in 716 daysFramework recordPanel · 8 suppliers
Development Management Framework
NHS Property Services Limited · NHS & health · Greater London
Panel: AA Projects Ltd, Archus, GARDINER & THEOBALD LLP +5 more
- Published value
- £9.5mpublished ceiling for the whole framework
- Annual run-rate
- —panel, not one supplier
- Term
- Ends 1 Oct 2028 · start not published
- Reference
ocds-h6vhtk-0488c3
When contracts end i
When contracts here run out.
Published contracts by their end date. No end date, not counted.
An end date does not confirm a new procurement.
i
When contracts here run out.
Published contracts by their end date. No end date, not counted.
An end date does not confirm a new procurement.
25,205 commercial units end within 24 months, 37,047 in total · £35bn published GBP values end in the next 24 months, exc. VAT; vehicle-linked values, concession values and other ceiling-like amounts are excluded, so this is not a spend forecast.
By sector, next 24 months i
When contracts here run out.
Published contracts by their end date. No end date, not counted.
An end date does not confirm a new procurement.
i
When contracts here run out.
Published contracts by their end date. No end date, not counted.
An end date does not confirm a new procurement.
CPV division of the procedure; a contract with several divisions counts in each.
85Health and social work services1,33860Transport services (except waste transport)1,14933Medical equipments, pharmaceuticals42880Education and training services30690Sewage, refuse, cleaning and environmental26879Business services: law, marketing, consulting26372IT services: consulting, software, internet21066Financial and insurance services209
How to read the radar
- End date is the contract period end the buyer published on the notice. Contracts without an end date are not on the radar; neither are contracts the buyer cancelled or terminated early.
- Extension option means the notice publishes a renewal or option clause; the buyer may extend. Hiding these rows shows contracts without a published option, but does not establish that the buyer will procure them again.
- Incumbent is the supplier named on the award behind the contract. A panel (several suppliers on one award) is shown as a panel; no single incumbent is invented.
- Annual run-rate = published GBP value ÷ published term for a single supplier and a term of six months or more. Vehicle-linked values have no run-rate until their commercial role is verified. The annual sort ranks comparable values excluding VAT first; gross-only values remain visible on their rows. This is not actual annual spend.
- Counts are exact for the time-horizon and sector filters. A parent framework or DPS counts once; call-offs published by other buyers count separately. Where the parent cannot be identified, agreements stay separate and are marked as vehicle-linked; check the source notice before treating their date or value as a single contract fact. With other filters, a result above 1,000 units shows as “1,000+”.
- Source. Official UK procurement notices, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0; the radar is rebuilt nightly. How we count: methodology.