Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesiser 2V (JAWS) primary voltage standard

NPL is procuring a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesiser (JAWS) primary voltage standard. This is a series array of Josephson junctions in which single pulses of bias current each generate a small but precisely defined quantised voltage across the array. Accurate voltage waveforms are constructed by fast repetition of the pulses with accurately timed intervals between them. In the JAWS system, the output voltage is always precisely defined. This is in contrast to the Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) in which there are time intervals when the voltage output is not precisely known and is not suitable. NPL intends to award the contract for a 2V JAWS reference system to the manufacturer the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. NPL requires the following specifications: Range and accuracy of voltage output Output voltage:                               Up to 2 V Upper frequency limit:                          Up to at least 1 MHz Lower frequency limit:                          Down to 5 Hz (lowest frequency component), with the capability to output DC Pulse repetition rate:                           At least 10 Gsamples / second RMS uncertainty with 100 Hz sine wave generation:    better than 4 ppm (k=2) RMS uncertainty with 10 kHz sine wave generation:    better than 8 ppm (k=2) Cooling The system will not require any liquid cryogens Automation The system will be provided with software for custom waveform design or selecting standard sine waveforms. A detailed knowledge of the techniques used to generate the pulse patterns (e.g. delta-sigma conversion) should not be required of the operators. It is highly desirable that the software is able to perform automatic calibration of AC voltmeters and calibrators such as the Fluke 5700 series. Training The system should be simple enough to operate that users already experienced with programmable Josephson voltage standards can operate it after 2-3 days of training. The training will be provided by the supplier at the NPL Teddington site.