The illegal wildlife trade (IWT) is a widespread and lucrative criminal activity causing major environmental and social harm globally. The IWT can be defined as the unlawful trade, smuggling, poaching

Through this Terms of Reference (ToR), the Authority is seeking a Supplier to carry out an assessment of the IWT supply chain from the lens of key countries. A core component of this assessment will be a political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental analysis to understand to what extent these factors influence IWT supply chains in each country. This analysis will provide a supporting evidence base for the development of future UK interventions to counter IWT, based on an accurate picture of the IWT situation in country. This includes building an understanding of transnational supply chains, best practice, opportunities, and priority of interventions. This analysis will be focused within Cambodia, China, Laos, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Vietnam. These countries have been chosen due to their interaction with known significant IWT supply chains and represent supply, transit and destination countries. These countries represent an interest for the UK in terms of recognising the scale of the issue and impact on supply chains, building the evidence base to support future engagement, including opportunities to build on existing best practice interventions, and expand on/ complement existing UK programming and engagement. The analysis will be split into 4 workstreams to be undertaken in each country: Workstream 1: Provide an overview of the IWT situation in each country, and the role of each country directly or indirectly in global IWT, through supply, transit and/or demand of illegal products. Identify the key geographical linkages through the supply chain and review the evidence relating to trends and scale of IWT. Workstream 2: Provide a detailed assessment of the political, economic, social, technological, cultural, and environmental factors in country that are driving the illegal wildlife trade and the significance and scale of each factor in facilitating it. Workstream 3: Identify current interventions within countries, assessing their effectiveness in delivering change (including identifying other donors and their activities), and any gaps in existing approaches. Workstream 4: Building on Workstream 3, identify gaps in counter IWT interventions and outcomes, including where activities could be enhanced and expanded. Applying lessons learned from Workstream 2, assess these gaps for opportunities for future engagement, including considering: evidence of need; evidence of effectiveness; feasibility and potential constraints; impact on IWT; scalability and sustainability. Additional information: We will require the information back on this market testing within 2 weeks of publication.